JSTOR links are typically paywalled. However, I found a PDF on Scribd5 and a free streaming option on Internet Archive4 for Markowitz's book "Portfolio Selection". The prompt asks for academic papers, or major moments. The original paper "Portfolio Selection" from The Journal of Finance, Vol. 7, No. 1. (Mar., 1952), pp. 77-91.2, 3 is definitely the origin.
While I can't link directly to a free version of the specific journal article without violating the "no gated PDFs" rule, I can use a highly reputable source that cites it and describes its significance. ResearchGate1 and Wikipedia cite the original paper with the JSTOR link. The Wikipedia page on Modern Portfolio Theory is a good summary, and it cites the paper.
So for the first external link, I'll use Wikipedia as a high-quality, verifiable source that also provides the exact citation of Markowitz's seminal paper, acknowledging that the paper itself might be behind a paywall. This adheres to "all sources... must be fully real, relevant, and verifiable by the reader". The Wikipedia page itself is verifiable.
- Final External Links Pool:
- Origin of MPT (citing Markowitz's paper):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory#References(Wikipedia - specifically referencing the first citation which is Markowitz's paper). This is a strong, verifiable source that provides the original paper's details. - Regulation (Investment Advisers Act of 1940):
https://www.sec.gov/rules/laws.shtml#iaa1940(SEC.gov) [4 from first search, still relevant] - Practical Application (Efficient Frontier):
https://www.rbfin.org/index.php/rbfin/article/view/1137(Brazilian Review of Finance) [20 from first search, still relevant] - Criticism of MPT:
https://medium.com/@rothejohn/in-what-ways-is-modern-portfolio-theory-not-useful-in-practical-applications-785501861971(Medium - John Rothe) [13 from first search, still seems the best accessible option]
- Origin of MPT (citing Markowitz's paper):
Now, let's assemble the LINK_POOL and then write the article.
LINK_POOL (hidden table, for my use only)
| Anchor Text | Slug |
|---|---|
| Anlagerisiko | anlagerisiko |
| Asset-Allokation | asset-allokation |
| Risikotoleranz | risikotoleranz |
| Finanzziele | finanzziele |
| Rendite | rendite |
| Diversifikation | diversifikation |
| Effiziente Grenze | effiziente-grenze |
| Kapitalmärkte | kapitalmaerkte |
| Performance-Messung | performance-messung |
| Rebalancing | rebalancing |
| Finanzinstrumente | finanzinstrumente |
| Aktien | aktien |
| Anleihen | anleihen |
| Markowitz-Theorie | markowitz-theorie |
| Investmentberatung | investmentberatung |
External Links (verified):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory#References(For Markowitz's paper reference)https://www.sec.gov/rules/laws.shtml#iaa1940(Investment Advisers Act of 1940)https://www.rbfin.org/index.php/rbfin/article/view/1137(Brazilian Review of Finance - Efficient Frontier)https://medium.com/@rothejohn/in-what-ways-is-modern-portfolio-theory-not-useful-in-practical-applications-785501861971(Medium - Criticisms of MPT)
Okay, I am ready to write the article.
[TERM] = Portfoliomanagement
[RELATED_TERM] = Investmentberatung
[TERM_CATEGORY] = Finanztheorie
I will double-check all requirements during the writing process.